MySQL查看与修改字符集的方法实例教程

一、查看字符集

1.查看MYSQL数据库服务器和数据库字符集

方法一：show variables like '%character%';

方法二：show variables like 'collation%';

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mysql> show variables like '%character%' ; + --------------------------+--------------------------------------+ | Variable_name   | Value        | + --------------------------+--------------------------------------+ | character_set_client  | utf8         | | character_set_connection | utf8         | | character_set_database | utf8         | | character_set_filesystem | binary        | | character_set_results | utf8         | | character_set_server  | utf8         | | character_set_system  | utf8         | | character_sets_dir  | /usr/ local /mysql5535/share/charsets/ | + --------------------------+--------------------------------------+ 8 rows in set (0.00 sec)   方法一：

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mysql> show variables like 'collation%' ; + ----------------------+-----------------+ | Variable_name  | Value   | + ----------------------+-----------------+ | collation_connection | utf8_general_ci | | collation_database | utf8_general_ci | | collation_server  | utf8_general_ci | + ----------------------+-----------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)   方法二：

2.查看MYSQL所支持的字符集

show charset;

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mysql> show charset; + ----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+ | Charset | Description     | Default collation | Maxlen | + ----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+ | big5  | Big5 Traditional Chinese | big5_chinese_ci  |  2 | | dec8  | DEC West European   | dec8_swedish_ci  |  1 | | cp850 | DOS West European   | cp850_general_ci |  1 | | hp8  | HP West European   | hp8_english_ci  |  1 | | koi8r | KOI8-R Relcom Russian  | koi8r_general_ci |  1 | | latin1 | cp1252 West European  | latin1_swedish_ci |  1 | | latin2 | ISO 8859-2 Central European | latin2_general_ci |  1 | | swe7  | 7bit Swedish    | swe7_swedish_ci  |  1 | | ascii | US ASCII     | ascii_general_ci |  1 | | ujis  | EUC-JP Japanese    | ujis_japanese_ci |  3 | | sjis  | Shift-JIS Japanese   | sjis_japanese_ci |  2 | | hebrew | ISO 8859-8 Hebrew   | hebrew_general_ci |  1 | | tis620 | TIS620 Thai     | tis620_thai_ci  |  1 | | euckr | EUC-KR Korean    | euckr_korean_ci  |  2 | | koi8u | KOI8-U Ukrainian   | koi8u_general_ci |  1 | | gb2312 | GB2312 Simplified Chinese | gb2312_chinese_ci |  2 | | greek | ISO 8859-7 Greek   | greek_general_ci |  1 | | cp1250 | Windows Central European | cp1250_general_ci |  1 | | gbk  | GBK Simplified Chinese  | gbk_chinese_ci  |  2 | | latin5 | ISO 8859-9 Turkish   | latin5_turkish_ci |  1 | | armscii8 | ARMSCII-8 Armenian   | armscii8_general_ci |  1 | | utf8  | UTF-8 Unicode    | utf8_general_ci  |  3 | | ucs2  | UCS-2 Unicode    | ucs2_general_ci  |  2 | | cp866 | DOS Russian     | cp866_general_ci |  1 | | keybcs2 | DOS Kamenicky Czech-Slovak | keybcs2_general_ci |  1 | | macce | Mac Central European  | macce_general_ci |  1 | | macroman | Mac West European   | macroman_general_ci |  1 | | cp852 | DOS Central European  | cp852_general_ci |  1 | | latin7 | ISO 8859-13 Baltic   | latin7_general_ci |  1 | | utf8mb4 | UTF-8 Unicode    | utf8mb4_general_ci |  4 | | cp1251 | Windows Cyrillic   | cp1251_general_ci |  1 | | utf16 | UTF-16 Unicode    | utf16_general_ci |  4 | | cp1256 | Windows Arabic    | cp1256_general_ci |  1 | | cp1257 | Windows Baltic    | cp1257_general_ci |  1 | | utf32 | UTF-32 Unicode    | utf32_general_ci |  4 | | binary | Binary pseudo charset  | binary    |  1 | | geostd8 | GEOSTD8 Georgian   | geostd8_general_ci |  1 | | cp932 | SJIS for Windows Japanese | cp932_japanese_ci |  2 | | eucjpms | UJIS for Windows Japanese | eucjpms_japanese_ci |  3 | + ----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+ 39 rows in set (0.00 sec)   查看MYSQL所支持的字符集

3.查看库的字符集

语法：show database status from 库名 like  表名;

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mysql> show create database shiyan\G *************************** 1. row ***************************    Database : shiyan Create Database : CREATE DATABASE `shiyan` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET gbk */ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

4.查看表的字符集

语法：show table status from 库名 like  表名;

mysql> show table status from class_7 like 'test_info';

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mysql> show table status from class_7 like 'test_info' ; + -----------+--------+---------+------------+------+----------------+-------------------------+-------------+------------+-----------------+----------+- | Name  | Engine | Version | Row_format | Rows | Avg_row_length | Data_leate_time   | Update_time | Check_time | Collation  | Checksum | + -----------+--------+---------+------------+------+----------------+-------------------------+-------------+------------+-----------------+----------+- | test_info | InnoDB |  10 | Compact | 10 |   1638 |  17-12-05 19:01:55 | NULL  | NULL  | utf8_general_ci |  NULL | + -----------+--------+---------+------------+------+----------------+-------------------------+-------------+------------+-----------------+----------+- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)   查看表的字符集

5.查看表中所有列的字符集

语法：show full columns from 表名;

mysql> show full columns from test_info;

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mysql> show full columns from test_info; + -------+----------+-----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+ | Field | Type  | Collation  | Null | Key | Default | Extra | Privileges      | Comment | + -------+----------+-----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+ | id | int (3) | NULL   | NO | PRI | NULL |  | select , insert , update , references |   | | name | char (12) | utf8_general_ci | YES |  | NULL |  | select , insert , update , references |   | | dorm | char (10) | utf8_general_ci | YES |  | NULL |  | select , insert , update , references |   | | addr | char (12) | utf8_general_ci | YES |  | 未知 |  | select , insert , update , references |   | | score | int (3) | NULL   | YES |  | NULL |  | select , insert , update , references |   | + -------+----------+-----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)   所有列的字符集

二、设置字符集

设置字符集一般有两种方法，一种是在创建表的时候设置字符集，另一种是表建成之后修改字符集。

1.创建时指定字符集

创建库的时候指定字符集：

语法：create database 库名 default character set=字符集；

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1	create database db2 default character set =utf8

创建表的时候指定字符集：

语法：create table 表名（属性）default character set = 字符集；

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1 2	mysql> create table test1(id int (6), name char (10)) default character set = 'gbk' ; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.39 sec)

2.修改字符集

修改全局字符集

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/*建立连接使用的编码*/ set character_set_connection=utf8; /*数据库的编码*/ set character_set_database=utf8; /*结果集的编码*/ set character_set_results=utf8; /*数据库服务器的编码*/ set character_set_server=utf8;   set character_set_system=utf8;   set collation_connection=utf8;   set collation_database=utf8;   set collation_server=utf8;   修改全局字符集

修改库的字符集

语法：alter database 库名 default character set 字符集;

alter database shiyan default character set gbk;

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mysql> show create database shiyan\G *************************** 1. row ***************************    Database : shiyan Create Database : CREATE DATABASE `shiyan` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)   mysql> alter database shiyan default character set gbk; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)   mysql> show create database shiyan\G *************************** 1. row ***************************    Database : shiyan Create Database : CREATE DATABASE `shiyan` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET gbk */ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

修改表的字符集

语法：alter table 表名 convert to character set 字符集;

 alter table test1 convert to character set utf8;

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mysql> show create table test1\G *************************** 1. row ***************************    Table : test1 Create Table : CREATE TABLE `test1` (   `id` int (6) DEFAULT NULL ,   ` name ` char (10) DEFAULT NULL ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=gbk #原字符集 1 row in set (0.00 sec)   mysql> alter table test1 convert to character set utf8; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.58 sec) Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0   mysql> show create table test1\G *************************** 1. row ***************************    Table : test1 Create Table : CREATE TABLE `test1` (   `id` int (6) DEFAULT NULL ,   ` name ` char (10) DEFAULT NULL ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 #修改后的字符集 1 row in set (0.00 sec)   修改列表的字符集

修改字段的字符集

语法：alter table 表名 modify 字段名 字段属性 character set gbk；

 alter table test1 modify name char(10) character set gbk;

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mysql> show full columns from test1; + -------+----------+-----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+ | Field | Type  | Collation  | Null | Key | Default | Extra | Privileges      | Comment | + -------+----------+-----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+ | id | int (6) | NULL   | YES |  | NULL |  | select , insert , update , references |   | | name | char (10) | utf8_general_ci | YES |  | NULL |  | select , insert , update , references |   | + -------+----------+-----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+ 2 rows in set (0.01 sec)   mysql> alter table test1 modify name char (10) character set gbk; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.58 sec) Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0   mysql> show full columns from test1; + -------+----------+----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+ | Field | Type  | Collation  | Null | Key | Default | Extra | Privileges      | Comment | + -------+----------+----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+ | id | int (6) | NULL   | YES |  | NULL |  | select , insert , update , references |   | | name | char (10) | gbk_chinese_ci | YES |  | NULL |  | select , insert , update , references |   | + -------+----------+----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+ 2 rows in set (0.01 sec)   修改字段的字符集

总结

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原文链接：https://www.cnblogs.com/yangmingxianshen/p/7999428.html