Mysql实现主从配置和多主多从配置

我们现在模拟的是主从(1台主机、一台从机)，其主从同步的原理，就是对bin-log二进制文件的同步，将这个文件的内容从主机同步到从机。

一、配置文件的修改

1、主机配置文件修改配置

我们首先需要mysql主机(192.168.254.130)的/etc/my.cnf配置文件，添加如下配置:

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#主机唯一ID server-id=1 #二进制日志 log-bin=mysql-bin #不需要同步的数据库 binlog-ignore-db=mysql binlog-ignore-db=information_schema #同步的数据库名称 binlog-do-db=mycat #二进制的格式 binlog_format=STATEMENT

我们看下目前整个my.cnf文件

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[root@localhost Desktop] # cat /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] datadir= /usr/local/mysql/data basedir= /usr/local/mysql socket= /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql .sock user=mysql # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks symbolic-links=0   server- id =1 log-bin=mysql-bin binlog-ignore-db=mysql binlog-ignore-db=information_schema binlog- do -db=mycat binlog_format=STATEMENT     [mysqld_safe] log-error= /usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld .log pid- file = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld/mysqld .pid [root@localhost Desktop] #

修改主机的配置文件后，我们需要通过命令重启下服务:

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[root@localhost support-files] # ls magic  mysqld_multi.server  mysql-log-rotate  mysql.server [root@localhost support-files] # pwd /usr/local/mysql/support-files [root@localhost support-files] # ./mysql.server restart

然后我们修改下从机(192.168.254.131)的配置文件。

2、从机的配置

从机的配置修改比较简单：

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#从机机器唯一ID server-id=2 #中继日志 relay-log=mysql-relay

同样修改配置后，我们重启下从机

二、mysql客户端命令操作

下面我们可以通过命令连接到mysql的命令端：

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[root@localhost bin] # [root@localhost bin] # pwd /usr/local/mysql/bin [root@localhost bin] # ./mysql -uroot -p

1、主机操作

1）、创建同步用户

首先我们可以在主机创建一个专门用于主从同步用户，通过命令：

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1	GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'SLAVE' @ '%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456' ;

2）、查看同步文件状态

然后我们通过show master status;查看主机的同步内容状态：

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mysql> show master status; + ------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+-------------------+ | File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB         | Executed_Gtid_Set | + ------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+-------------------+ | mysql-bin.000001 |      154 | mycat        | mysql,information_schema |                   | + ------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

2、从机操作

1）、设置从机的主机

执行如下命令，这里设置了我们与主机建立同步的相关信息

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CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST= '192.168.254.130' , MASTER_USER= 'SLAVE' , MASTER_PASSWORD= '123456' , MASTER_LOG_FILE= 'mysql-bin.000001' , MASTER_LOG_POS=430;

这里如果提示已经设置了主机配置，可以通过stop slave&reset master进行重置。

2）、启动同步

下面我们再通过start slave开启同步：

​ 就可以看到：

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mysql> show slave status\G *************************** 1. row ***************************                 Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event                    Master_Host: 192.168.254.130                    Master_User: SLAVE                    Master_Port: 3306                  Connect_Retry: 60                Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001            Read_Master_Log_Pos: 592                 Relay_Log_File: mysql-relay.000002                  Relay_Log_Pos: 482          Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001               Slave_IO_Running: Yes              Slave_SQL_Running: Yes                Replicate_Do_DB:            Replicate_Ignore_DB:             Replicate_Do_Table:         Replicate_Ignore_Table:        Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:    Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:                     Last_Errno: 0                     Last_Error:                   Skip_Counter: 0            Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 592                Relay_Log_Space: 685                Until_Condition: None                 Until_Log_File:                  Until_Log_Pos: 0             Master_SSL_Allowed: No             Master_SSL_CA_File:             Master_SSL_CA_Path:                Master_SSL_Cert:              Master_SSL_Cipher:                 Master_SSL_Key:          Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No                  Last_IO_Errno: 0                  Last_IO_Error:                 Last_SQL_Errno: 0                 Last_SQL_Error:    Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:               Master_Server_Id: 1                    Master_UUID: 74397a99-accf-11eb-ae0d-000c2912d302               Master_Info_File: /usr/ local /mysql/data/master.info                      SQL_Delay: 0            SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL        Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates             Master_Retry_Count: 86400                    Master_Bind:        Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:       Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:                 Master_SSL_Crl:             Master_SSL_Crlpath:             Retrieved_Gtid_Set:              Executed_Gtid_Set:                  Auto_Position: 0           Replicate_Rewrite_DB:                   Channel_Name:             Master_TLS_Version: 1 row in set (0.00 sec)   mysql>

这里我们可以看到Slave_IO_Running、Slave_SQL_Running都为YES，则成功了，如果是下面这种：

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*************************** 1. row ***************************                 Slave_IO_State: Connecting to master                    Master_Host: 192.168.254.130                    Master_User: slave                    Master_Port: 3306                  Connect_Retry: 60                Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001            Read_Master_Log_Pos: 430                 Relay_Log_File: mysql-relay.000001                  Relay_Log_Pos: 4          Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001               Slave_IO_Running: Connecting              Slave_SQL_Running: Yes                Replicate_Do_DB:            Replicate_Ignore_DB:             Replicate_Do_Table:         Replicate_Ignore_Table:        Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:    Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:                     Last_Errno: 0                     Last_Error:                   Skip_Counter: 0            Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 430                Relay_Log_Space: 154                Until_Condition: None                 Until_Log_File:                  Until_Log_Pos: 0             Master_SSL_Allowed: No             Master_SSL_CA_File:             Master_SSL_CA_Path:                Master_SSL_Cert:              Master_SSL_Cipher:                 Master_SSL_Key:          Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No                  Last_IO_Errno: 1045                  Last_IO_Error: error connecting to master 'slave@192.168.254.130:3306' - retry- time : 60  retries: 1                 Last_SQL_Errno: 0                 Last_SQL_Error:    Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:               Master_Server_Id: 0                    Master_UUID:               Master_Info_File: /usr/ local /mysql/data/master.info                      SQL_Delay: 0            SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL        Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates             Master_Retry_Count: 86400                    Master_Bind:        Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: 210505 00:18:08       Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:                 Master_SSL_Crl:             Master_SSL_Crlpath:             Retrieved_Gtid_Set:              Executed_Gtid_Set:                  Auto_Position: 0           Replicate_Rewrite_DB:                   Channel_Name:             Master_TLS_Version: 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

我们可以看到Last_IO_Error这里有错误，我们就可以去看下日志报的什么问题了，目前我这个是因为同步用户写错了才不能同步，按上面说的先停止同步重置，修改后同步命令，再操作一遍就可以了。

三、主从同步测试

1、主机创建库

我们先在主机创建我们前面设置的要同步的数据库mycat：

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mysql> create database mycat; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)   mysql> use mycat; Database changed mysql> show databases; + --------------------+ | Database           | + --------------------+ | information_schema | | mycat              | | mysql              | | performance_schema | | sys                | + --------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)   mysql>

2、从机查看库

然后我们就能在从机看到这个库了

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mysql> show databases; + --------------------+ | Database           | + --------------------+ | information_schema | | mycat              | | mysql              | | performance_schema | | sys                | + --------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

3、表数据的初始

下面我们进行表数据的测试

1）、主机
首先我们再主机建立表并插入数据

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mysql> use mycat; Database changed mysql> mysql> create table `test1`(      -> id int auto_increment not null primary key ,      -> name varchar (10) default null      -> ); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)   mysql> insert into test1(`id`,` name `) value(1, "petty" ); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.16 sec)   mysql> select * from test1; + ----+-------+ | id | name  | + ----+-------+ |  1 | petty | + ----+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)   mysql>

2）、从机
下面我们在从机查看看有没有成功同步：

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mysql> use mycat; Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A   Database changed mysql> show tables; + -----------------+ | Tables_in_mycat | + -----------------+ | test1           | + -----------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)   mysql> select * from test1; + ----+-------+ | id | name  | + ----+-------+ |  1 | petty | + ----+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)   mysql>

可以看到我们的主从配置已经成功了。

四、多主多从

我们还可以多主多从，例如我们一个主从序列是编号1位主机、编号2为从机，然后编号3为主机、编号4为从机，同时编号1主机与编号3主机相互为主从，这样就是其中主机一台有问题，整个mysql集群还是能正常工作。

​ 由于目前只有3台机，只使用三台来写demo(一台windows，两台linux)。

1、编号1主机(192.168.254.30)

1）、修改配置
我们首先需要修改其原来的etc/my.cnf文件，添加：

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# 作为从机也修改其bin-log日志 log-slave-updates #自增长的幅度 auto-increment-increment=2 #自增长的开始位置 auto-increment-offset=1

整个文件的信息

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[root@localhost Desktop]# cat /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data basedir=/usr/local/mysql socket=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock user=mysql # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks symbolic-links=0   server-id=1 log-bin=mysql-bin binlog-ignore-db=mysql binlog-ignore-db=information_schema binlog-do-db=mycat binlog_format=STATEMENT   log-slave-updates auto-increment-increment=2 auto-increment-offset=1   [mysqld_safe] log-error=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld.log pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld/mysqld.pid [root@localhost Desktop]#

修改这个文件后我们需要重启机器

2、编号2从机（192.168.254.31）

这台原来已经配置其连接30机器了，所以这次不用修改

3、编号3主机(192.168.254.1)

1）、修改配置文件
由于这台机器是windows，所以我们需要修改其的my.ini文件，在其最后面添加

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server-id=3 log-bin=mysql-bin binlog-ignore-db=mysql binlog-ignore-db=information_schema binlog-do-db=mycat binlog_format=STATEMENT   log-slave-updates auto-increment-increment=2 auto-increment-offset=2

注意我们上面改了server-id，同时也改了其的增长开始点auto-increment-offset=2。同时再重启服务。

2）、创建同步用户
首先我们可以在主机创建一个专门用于主从同步用户，通过命令：

​

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1	GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'SLAVE' @ '%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456' ;

3）、查看状态

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mysql> show master status; + ------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+-------------------+ | File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB         | Executed_Gtid_Set | + ------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+-------------------+ | mysql-bin.000001 |      154 | mycat        | mysql,information_schema |                   | + ------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)   mysql>

4）、设置同步的状态

下面我们运行其连接的主机(30)信息

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CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST= '192.168.254.130' , MASTER_USER= 'SLAVE' , MASTER_PASSWORD= '123456' , MASTER_LOG_FILE= 'mysql-bin.000001' , MASTER_LOG_POS=430;

5）、编号1主机同步(192.168.254.30)
我们需要设置其去同步编号3主机(192.168.254.1)，即我们前面查看的编号3的(master status)：

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CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST= '192.168.254.1' , MASTER_USER= 'SLAVE' , MASTER_PASSWORD= '123456' , MASTER_LOG_FILE= 'mysql-bin.000001' , MASTER_LOG_POS=154;

然后我们在编号1主机执行同步start slave;，也在编号3主机执行同步start slave;。

4、测试查看

1）、可能的问题(可略过)

现在我们测试，然后分别查看这两台的master状态show master status;。

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mysql> show slave status\G *************************** 1. row ***************************                 Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event                    Master_Host: 192.168.254.1                    Master_User: SLAVE                    Master_Port: 3306                  Connect_Retry: 60                Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001            Read_Master_Log_Pos: 154                 Relay_Log_File: localhost-relay-bin.000002                  Relay_Log_Pos: 320          Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001               Slave_IO_Running: Yes              Slave_SQL_Running: Yes ........

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mysql> show slave status\G *************************** 1. row ***************************                 Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event                    Master_Host: 192.168.254.130                    Master_User: SLAVE                    Master_Port: 3306                  Connect_Retry: 60                Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002            Read_Master_Log_Pos: 462                 Relay_Log_File: LAPTOP-QR83QEC0-relay-bin.000003                  Relay_Log_Pos: 675          Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002               Slave_IO_Running: Yes              Slave_SQL_Running: Yes                Replicate_Do_DB: .........

可以看到它们的同步都是yes。这里可能有问题，我们需要自己解决，例如我在编号1机器修改配置，然后在查看其的状态，

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mysql> show master status; + ------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+-------------------+ | File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB         | Executed_Gtid_Set | + ------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+-------------------+ | mysql-bin.000002 |      462 | mycat        | mysql,information_schema |                   | + ------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)   mysql>

我如果以这个消息去让编号3机器同步编号1，就会报(因为我又运行了一条新的插入语句)，但建表语句是在日志mysql-bin.000001，而这里我因为重启了，其有有新的mysql-bin.000002，所以有修改回了原来编号2的同步信息。

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mysql> show slave status\G *************************** 1. row ***************************                 Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event                    Master_Host: 192.168.254.130                    Master_User: SLAVE                    Master_Port: 3306                  Connect_Retry: 60                Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002            Read_Master_Log_Pos: 462                 Relay_Log_File: LAPTOP-QR83QEC0-relay-bin.000002                  Relay_Log_Pos: 320          Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002               Slave_IO_Running: Yes              Slave_SQL_Running: No                Replicate_Do_DB:            Replicate_Ignore_DB:             Replicate_Do_Table:         Replicate_Ignore_Table:        Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:    Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:                     Last_Errno: 1146                     Last_Error: Error 'Table ' mycat.test1 ' doesn' t exist ' on query. Default database: ' mycat '. Query: ' insert into test1(`id`,` name `) value(2, "TOm" )'

2）、在编号3插入数据
下面我们再编号3插入数据，看编号1、2能不能看到

在编号3操作：

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mysql> insert into test1(`id`,` name `) value(3, "kitt" ); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)   mysql> select * from test1; + ----+-------+ | id | name  | + ----+-------+ |  1 | petty | |  2 | TOm   | |  3 | kitt  | + ----+-------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)   mysql>

在编号1查看

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mysql> select * from test1; + ----+-------+ | id | name  | + ----+-------+ |  1 | petty | |  2 | TOm   | |  3 | kitt  | + ----+-------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)   mysql>

在编号2查看

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mysql> select * from test1; + ----+-------+ | id | name  | + ----+-------+ |  1 | petty | |  2 | TOm   | |  3 | kitt  | + ----+-------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)   mysql>

可以看到目前我们已经同步成功了，在编号1中能查看到主机编号3的插入信息。

3）、编号1处理数据

下面我们在编号1操作查看

编号1：

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mysql> insert into test1(`id`,` name `) value(4, "lisa" ); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)   mysql> select * from test1; + ----+-------+ | id | name  | + ----+-------+ |  1 | petty | |  2 | TOm   | |  3 | kitt  | |  4 | lisa  | + ----+-------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)   mysql>

编号3：

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mysql> select * from test1; + ----+-------+ | id | name  | + ----+-------+ |  1 | petty | |  2 | TOm   | |  3 | kitt  | |  4 | lisa  | + ----+-------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)   mysql>

可以看到其是相互同步的。

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原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_25179481/article/details/116430663