详解Laravel制作API接口

吾爱主题阅读：141 2021-11-18 14:42:00 评论：0

需要注意的是：API有它的具体用途，我们应该清楚它是干啥的。访问API的时候应该输入什么。访问过API过后应该得到什么。

在开始设计API时，我们应该注意这8点。后续的开发计划就围绕着这个进行了。

1.Restful设计原则

2.API的命名

3.API的安全性

4.API返回数据

5.图片的处理

6.返回的提示信息

7.在线API测试文档

8.在app启动时，调用一个初始化API获取必要的信息

用laravel开发API

就在我上愁着要不要从零开始学习的时候，找到了这个插件dingo/api那么现在就来安装吧！

首先一定是下载的没错

在新安装好的laravel的composer.json加入如下内容

然后打开cmd执行

composer update

在config/app.php中的providers里添加

App\Providers\OAuthServiceProvider::class,

Dingo\Api\Provider\LaravelServiceProvider::class,

LucaDegasperi\OAuth2Server\Storage\FluentStorageServiceProvider::class,

LucaDegasperi\OAuth2Server\OAuth2ServerServiceProvider::class,

在aliases里添加

1	`'Authorizer'` `=> LucaDegasperi\OAuth2Server\Facades\Authorizer::` `class` `,`

修改app/Http/Kernel.php文件里的内容

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 protected $middleware = [\LucaDegasperi\OAuth2Server\Middleware\OAuthExceptionHandlerMiddleware:: class , ]; protected $routeMiddleware = [ 'oauth' => \LucaDegasperi\OAuth2Server\Middleware\OAuthMiddleware:: class , 'oauth-user' => \LucaDegasperi\OAuth2Server\Middleware\OAuthUserOwnerMiddleware:: class , 'oauth-client' => \LucaDegasperi\OAuth2Server\Middleware\OAuthClientOwnerMiddleware:: class , 'check-authorization-params' => \LucaDegasperi\OAuth2Server\Middleware\CheckAuthCodeRequestMiddleware:: class , 'csrf' => \App\Http\Middleware\VerifyCsrfToken:: class , ];

然后执行

php artisan vendor:publish

php artisan migrate

在.env文件里添加这些配置

API_STANDARDS_TREE=x

API_SUBTYPE=rest

API_NAME=REST

API_PREFIX=api

API_VERSION=v1

API_CONDITIONAL_REQUEST=true

API_STRICT=false

API_DEBUG=true

API_DEFAULT_FORMAT=json

修改app\config\oauth2.php文件

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 'grant_types' => [ 'password' => [ 'class' => 'League\OAuth2\Server\Grant\PasswordGrant' , 'access_token_ttl' => 604800, 'callback' => '\App\Http\Controllers\Auth\PasswordGrantVerifier@verify' , ], ],

新建一个服务提供者，在app/Providers下新建OAuthServiceProvider.php文件内容如下

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 namespace App\Providers; use Dingo\Api\Auth\Auth; use Dingo\Api\Auth\Provider\OAuth2; use Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider; class OAuthServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider { public function boot() { $this ->app[Auth:: class ]->extend( 'oauth' , function ( $app ) { $provider = new OAuth2( $app [ 'oauth2-server.authorizer' ]->getChecker()); $provider ->setUserResolver( function ( $id ) { // Logic to return a user by their ID. }); $provider ->setClientResolver( function ( $id ) { // Logic to return a client by their ID. }); return $provider ; }); } public function register() { // } }

然后打开routes.php添加相关路由

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 //Get access_token Route::post( 'oauth/access_token' , function () { return Response::json(Authorizer::issueAccessToken()); }); //Create a test user, you don't need this if you already have. Route::get( '/register' , function (){ $user = new App\User(); $user ->name= "tester" ; $user ->email= "test@test.com" ; $user ->password = \Illuminate\Support\Facades\Hash::make( "password" ); $user ->save(); }); $api = app( 'Dingo\Api\Routing\Router' ); //Show user info via restful service. $api ->version( 'v1' , [ 'namespace' => 'App\Http\Controllers' ], function ( $api ) { $api ->get( 'users' , 'UsersController@index' ); $api ->get( 'users/{id}' , 'UsersController@show' ); }); //Just a test with auth check. $api ->version( 'v1' , [ 'middleware' => 'api.auth' ] , function ( $api ) { $api ->get( 'time' , function () { return [ 'now' => microtime(), 'date' => date ( 'Y-M-D' ,time())]; }); });

分别创建BaseController.php和UsersController.php内容如下

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 //BaseController namespace App\Http\Controllers; use Dingo\Api\Routing\Helpers; use Illuminate\Routing\Controller; class BaseController extends Controller { use Helpers; } //UsersController namespace App\Http\Controllers; use App\User; use App\Http\Controllers\Controller; class UsersController extends BaseController { public function index() { return User::all(); } public function show( $id ) { $user = User::findOrFail( $id ); // 数组形式 return $this ->response-> array ( $user ->toArray()); } }

随后在app/Http/Controllers/Auth/下创建PasswordGrantVerifier.php内容如下

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 namespace App\Http\Controllers\Auth; use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth; class PasswordGrantVerifier { public function verify( $username , $password ) { $credentials = [ 'email' => $username , 'password' => $password , ]; if (Auth::once( $credentials )) { return Auth::user()->id; } return false; } }

打开数据库的oauth_client表新增一条client数据

1	`INSERT` `INTO` `'oauth_clients'` `(` `'id'` `,` `'secret'` `,` `'name'` `,` `'created_at'` `,` `'updated_at'` `)` `VALUES` `(` `'1'` `,` `'2'` `,` `'Main website'` `,` `'2016–03–13 23:00:00'` `,` `'0000–00–00 00:00:00'` `);`