MySQL分区表实现按月份归类
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2024-04-02 08:06:54
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目录
MySQL单表数据量,建议不要超过2000W行,否则会对性能有较大影响。最近接手了一个项目,单表数据超7000W行,一条简单的查询语句等了50多分钟都没出结果,实在是难受,最终,我们决定用分区表。
建表
一般的表(innodb)创建后只有一个 idb 文件:
?1 | create table normal_table(id int primary key , no int ) |
查看数据库文件:
?1 | normal_table.ibd |
创建按月份分区的分区表,注意!除了常规主键外,月份字段(用来分区的字段)也必须是主键:
?1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 | create table partition_table(id int AUTO_INCREMENT, create_date date , name varchar (10), primary key (id, create_date)) ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 partition by range( month (create_date))( partition quarter1 values less than(4), partition quarter2 values less than(7), partition quarter3 values less than(10), partition quarter4 values less than(13) ); |
查看数据库文件:
- partition_table# p#quarter1.ibd
- partition_table# p#quarter2.ibd
- partition_table# p#quarter3.ibd
- partition_table# p#quarter4.ibd
插入
?1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 | insert into partition_table(create_date, name ) values ( "2021-01-25" , "tom1" ); insert into partition_table(create_date, name ) values ( "2021-02-25" , "tom2" ); insert into partition_table(create_date, name ) values ( "2021-03-25" , "tom3" ); insert into partition_table(create_date, name ) values ( "2021-04-25" , "tom4" ); insert into partition_table(create_date, name ) values ( "2021-05-25" , "tom5" ); insert into partition_table(create_date, name ) values ( "2021-06-25" , "tom6" ); insert into partition_table(create_date, name ) values ( "2021-07-25" , "tom7" ); insert into partition_table(create_date, name ) values ( "2021-08-25" , "tom8" ); insert into partition_table(create_date, name ) values ( "2021-09-25" , "tom9" ); insert into partition_table(create_date, name ) values ( "2021-10-25" , "tom10" ); insert into partition_table(create_date, name ) values ( "2021-11-25" , "tom11" ); insert into partition_table(create_date, name ) values ( "2021-12-25" , "tom12" ); |
查询
?1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 | select count (*) from partition_table; > 12 查询第二个分区(第二季度)的数据: select * from partition_table PARTITION(quarter2); 4 2021-04-25 tom4 5 2021-05-25 tom5 6 2021-06-25 tom6 |
删除
当删除表时,该表的所有分区文件都会被删除
补充:Mysql自动按月表分区
核心的两个存储过程:
- auto_create_partition为创建表分区,调用后为该表创建到下月结束的表分区。
- auto_del_partition为删除表分区,方便历史数据空间回收。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 | DELIMITER $$ DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS auto_create_partition$$ CREATE PROCEDURE `auto_create_partition`( IN `table_name` varchar (64)) BEGIN SET @next_month:=CONCAT(date_format(date_add(now(),interval 2 month ), '%Y%m' ), '01' ); SET @SQL = CONCAT( 'ALTER TABLE `' , table_name, '`' , ' ADD PARTITION (PARTITION p' , @next_month, " VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DAYS(" , @next_month , ")) );" ); PREPARE STMT FROM @SQL; EXECUTE STMT; DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT; END $$ DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS auto_del_partition$$ CREATE PROCEDURE `auto_del_partition`( IN `table_name` varchar (64), IN `reserved_month` int ) BEGIN DECLARE v_finished INTEGER DEFAULT 0; DECLARE v_part_name varchar (100) DEFAULT "" ; DECLARE part_cursor CURSOR FOR select partition_name from information_schema.partitions where table_schema = schema () and table_name=@table_name and partition_description < TO_DAYS(CONCAT(date_format(date_sub(now(),interval reserved_month month ), '%Y%m' ), '01' )); DECLARE continue handler FOR NOT FOUND SET v_finished = TRUE ; OPEN part_cursor; read_loop: LOOP FETCH part_cursor INTO v_part_name; if v_finished = 1 then leave read_loop; end if; SET @SQL = CONCAT( 'ALTER TABLE `' , table_name, '` DROP PARTITION ' , v_part_name, ";" ); PREPARE STMT FROM @SQL; EXECUTE STMT; DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT; END LOOP; CLOSE part_cursor; END $$ DELIMITER ; |
下面是示例
?1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 | -- 假设有个表叫records,设置分区条件为按end_time按月分区 DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `records`; CREATE TABLE `records` ( `id` int (11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `start_time` datetime NOT NULL , `end_time` datetime NOT NULL , `memo` varchar (128) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 NOT NULL , PRIMARY KEY (`id`,`end_time`) ) PARTITION BY RANGE (TO_DAYS(end_time))( PARTITION p20200801 VALUES LESS THAN ( TO_DAYS( '20200801' )) ); DROP EVENT IF EXISTS `records_auto_partition`; -- 创建一个Event,每月执行一次,同时最多保存6个月的数据 DELIMITER $$ CREATE EVENT `records_auto_partition` ON SCHEDULE EVERY 1 MONTH ON COMPLETION PRESERVE ENABLE DO BEGIN call auto_create_partition( 'records' ); call auto_del_partition( 'records' ,6); END $$ DELIMITER ; |
几点注意事项:
- 对于Mysql 5.1以上版本来说,表分区的索引字段必须是主键
- 存储过程中,DECLARE 必须紧跟着BEGIN,否则会报看不懂的错误
- 游标的DECLARE需要在定义声明之后,否则会报错
- 如果是自己安装的Mysql,有可能Event功能是未开启的,在创建Event时会提示错误;修改my.cnf,在 [mysqld] 下添加event_scheduler=1后重启即可。
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原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_40310224/article/details/119921331
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