简析mysql字符集导致恢复数据库报错问题

mysql字符集编码错误的导入数据会提示错误了，这个和插入数据一样如果保存的数据与mysql编码不一样那么肯定会出现导入乱码或插入数据丢失的问题，下面我们一起来看一个例子。

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恢复数据库报错：由于字符集问题，最原始的数据库默认编码是latin1，新备份的数据库的编码是utf8，因此导致恢复错误。

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[root@hk byrd]# /usr/ local /mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p 'admin' t4x < /tmp/11x-B-2014-06-18.sql ERROR 1064 (42000) at line 292: You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near '' [caption id=\"attachment_271\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"300\"]<a href=\"ht' at line 1

修复方法(未实测)：

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[root@Test ~]# /usr/ local /mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p 'admin' --default-character-set=latin1 t4x < /tmp/11x-B-2014-06-18.sql MySQL -- MySQL dump 10.13 Distrib 5.5.37, for Linux (x86_64) -- -- Host: localhost  Database: t4x -- ------------------------------------------------------ -- Server version    5.5.37-log /*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */; /*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */; /*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */; /*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */; /*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */; /*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE= ' 00:00' */; /*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */; /*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */; /*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE= 'NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */; /*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */; -- -- Current Database: `t4x` -- CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/ `t4x` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */; -- -- Table structure for table `wp_baidusubmit_sitemap` -- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `wp_baidusubmit_sitemap`; /*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client   = @@character_set_client */; /*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */; CREATE TABLE `wp_baidusubmit_sitemap` (   `sid` int (11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,   `url` varchar (255) NOT NULL DEFAULT '' ,   `type` tinyint(4) NOT NULL ,   `create_time` int (10) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' ,   `start` int (11) DEFAULT '0' ,   ` end ` int (11) DEFAULT '0' ,   `item_count` int (10) unsigned DEFAULT '0' ,   `file_size` int (10) unsigned DEFAULT '0' ,   `lost_time` int (10) unsigned DEFAULT '0' ,   PRIMARY KEY (`sid`),   KEY `start` (`start`),   KEY ` end ` (` end `) ) ENGINE=MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT=84 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; /*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */; 0 1 [root@hk byrd]# /usr/ local /mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p 'admin' t4x < /tmp/t4x-B-2014-06-17.sql ERROR 1064 (42000) at line 295: You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near '' i' at line 1

MySQL

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-- MySQL dump 10.11 -- -- Host: localhost  Database: t4x -- ------------------------------------------------------ -- Server version    5.0.95-log /*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */; /*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */; /*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */; /*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */; /*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */; /*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE= ' 00:00' */; /*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */; /*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */; /*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE= 'NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */; /*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */; -- -- Current Database: `t4x` -- CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/ `t4x` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 */; USE `t4x`; -- -- Table structure for table `wp_baidusubmit_sitemap` -- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `wp_baidusubmit_sitemap`; /*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client   = @@character_set_client */; /*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */; CREATE TABLE `wp_baidusubmit_sitemap` (   `sid` int (11) NOT NULL auto_increment,   `url` varchar (255) NOT NULL default '' ,   `type` tinyint(4) NOT NULL ,   `create_time` int (10) NOT NULL default '0' ,   `start` int (11) default '0' ,   ` end ` int (11) default '0' ,   `item_count` int (10) unsigned default '0' ,   `file_size` int (10) unsigned default '0' ,   `lost_time` int (10) unsigned default '0' ,   PRIMARY KEY (`sid`),   KEY `start` (`start`),   KEY ` end ` (` end `) ) ENGINE=MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT=83 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; /*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;

字符集相关：

MySQL

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mysql>show variables like '%character_set%' ; -------------------------- ---------------------------- | Variable_name      | Value           | -------------------------- ---------------------------- | character_set_client   | utf8            | | character_set_connection | utf8            | | character_set_database  | utf8            | | character_set_filesystem | binary           | | character_set_results  | utf8            | | character_set_server   | latin1           | | character_set_system   | utf8            | | character_sets_dir    | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ | -------------------------- ---------------------------- mysql> set names gbk; mysql>show variables like '%character_set%' ; -------------------------- ---------------------------- | Variable_name      | Value           | -------------------------- ---------------------------- | character_set_client   | gbk            | | character_set_connection | gbk            | | character_set_database  | utf8            | | character_set_filesystem | binary           | | character_set_results  | gbk            | | character_set_server   | latin1           | | character_set_system   | utf8            | | character_sets_dir    | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ | -------------------------- ---------------------------- mysql>system cat /etc/my.cnf | grep default  #客户端设置字符集client下面 default - character - set =gbk mysql>show variables like '%character_set%' ; -------------------------- ---------------------------- | Variable_name      | Value           | -------------------------- ---------------------------- | character_set_client   | gbk            | | character_set_connection | gbk            | | character_set_database  | latin1           | | character_set_filesystem | binary           | | character_set_results  | gbk            | | character_set_server   | latin1           | | character_set_system   | utf8            | | character_sets_dir    | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ | -------------------------- ---------------------------- mysql> system cat /etc/my.cnf|grep character - set -server  #客户端设置字符集mysqld下面 character - set -server = cp1250 mysql> show variables like '%character_set%' ; -------------------------- -------------------------------------------- | Variable_name      | Value                   | -------------------------- -------------------------------------------- | character_set_client   | utf8                    | | character_set_connection | utf8                    | | character_set_database  | cp1250                   | | character_set_filesystem | binary                   | | character_set_results  | utf8                    | | character_set_server   | cp1250                   | | character_set_system   | utf8                    | | character_sets_dir    | /byrd/service/mysql/5.6.26/share/charsets/ | -------------------------- -------------------------------------------- 8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

其他的一些设置方法：

修改数据库的字符集

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1 2	mysql>use mydb mysql> alter database mydb character set utf-8;

创建数据库指定数据库的字符集

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1	mysql> create database mydb character set utf-8;

通过配置文件修改:

修改/var/lib/mysql/mydb/db.opt

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1 2	default - character - set =latin1 default -collation=latin1_swedish_ci

为

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1 2	default - character - set =utf8 default -collation=utf8_general_ci

重起MySQL:

[root@bogon ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql restart

通过MySQL命令行修改:

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mysql> set character_set_client=utf8; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> set character_set_connection=utf8; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> set character_set_database=utf8; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> set character_set_results=utf8; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> set character_set_server=utf8; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> set character_set_system=utf8; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> set collation_connection=utf8; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> set collation_database=utf8; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> set collation_server=utf8; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

查看:

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mysql> show variables like 'character_set_%' ; -------------------------- ---------------------------- | Variable_name       | Value            | -------------------------- ---------------------------- | character_set_client   | utf8            | | character_set_connection | utf8            | | character_set_database  | utf8            | | character_set_filesystem | binary           | | character_set_results   | utf8            | | character_set_server   | utf8            | | character_set_system   | utf8            | | character_sets_dir    | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ | -------------------------- ---------------------------- 8 rows in set (0.03 sec) mysql> show variables like 'collation_%' ; ---------------------- ----------------- | Variable_name     | Value      | ---------------------- ----------------- | collation_connection | utf8_general_ci | | collation_database  | utf8_general_ci | | collation_server   | utf8_general_ci | ---------------------- ----------------- 3 rows in set (0.04 sec)

 

总结

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