Mysql优化之Zabbix分区优化

使用zabbix最大的瓶颈在于数据库，维护好zabbix的数据存储，告警，就能很好地应用zabbix去构建监控系统。目前zabbix的数据主要存储在history和trends的2个表中，随着时间的推移，这两个表变得非常大，性能会非常差，影响监控的使用。对MySQL进行调优，能够极大的提升Zabbix的性能，本文采用对MySQL进行分区的方法进行调优。

原理

对zabbix中的history和trends等表进行分区，按日期进行分区，每天一个，共保留90天分区。

操作详细步骤

操作影响： 可以在线操作，MySQL的读写变慢，Zabbix性能变慢，影响时间根据数据的小而变化，一般在2个小时左右。

第一步

登录zabbix server的数据库，统一MySQL的配置

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cat > /etc/my.cnf<<EOF [mysqld] datadir=/data/mysql socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock default-storage-engine = innodb collation-server = utf8_general_ci init-connect = 'SET NAMES utf8' character-set-server = utf8 symbolic-links=0 max_connections=4096 innodb_buffer_pool_size=12G max_allowed_packet = 32M join_buffer_size=2M sort_buffer_size=2M query_cache_size = 64M  query_cache_limit = 4M  thread_concurrency = 8 table_open_cache=1024 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 0   long_query_time = 1 log-slow-queries =/data/mysql/mysql-slow.log   [mysqld_safe] log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid   #[mysql] #socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock # # include all files from the config directory # !includedir /etc/my.cnf.d EOF

注意：一定要修改innodb_buffer_pool_size=物理内存的1/3

第二步

先确认zabbix的版本，本操作zabbix的版本一定要大于3.2.0。小于3.2的版本不能安装此操作，线上默认是zabbix-3.2.6。

a、 导入存储过程

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#cat partition.sql DELIMITER $$ CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_create`(SCHEMANAMEvarchar(64), TABLENAME varchar(64), PARTITIONNAME varchar(64), CLOCK int) BEGIN      /*       SCHEMANAME = The DB schema in which to make changes       TABLENAME = The table with partitions to potentially delete       PARTITIONNAME = The name of the partition to create      */      /*       Verify that the partition does not already exist      */        DECLARE RETROWS INT;      SELECT COUNT(1) INTO RETROWS      FROM information_schema.partitions      WHERE table_schema = SCHEMANAME AND table_name = TABLENAME ANDpartition_description >= CLOCK;        IF RETROWS = 0 THEN          /*            1. Print a messageindicating that a partition was created.            2. Create the SQL to createthe partition.            3. Execute the SQL from #2.          */          SELECT CONCAT( "partition_create(", SCHEMANAME, ",",TABLENAME, ",", PARTITIONNAME, ",", CLOCK, ")" )AS msg;          SET @sql = CONCAT( 'ALTER TABLE ', SCHEMANAME, '.', TABLENAME, ' ADDPARTITION (PARTITION ', PARTITIONNAME, ' VALUES LESS THAN (', CLOCK, '));' );          PREPARE STMT FROM @sql;          EXECUTE STMT;          DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT;      END IF; END$$ DELIMITER ;   DELIMITER $$ CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_drop`(SCHEMANAMEVARCHAR(64), TABLENAME VARCHAR(64), DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE BIGINT) BEGIN      /*        SCHEMANAME = The DB schema in which tomake changes       TABLENAME = The table with partitions to potentially delete       DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE = Delete any partitions with names that aredates older than this one (yyyy-mm-dd)      */      DECLARE done INT DEFAULT FALSE;      DECLARE drop_part_name VARCHAR(16);        /*       Get a list of all the partitions that are older than the date       in DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE. All partitions are prefixed with        a "p", so use SUBSTRING TOget rid of that character.      */      DECLARE myCursor CURSOR FOR          SELECT partition_name          FROM information_schema.partitions          WHERE table_schema = SCHEMANAME AND table_name = TABLENAME ANDCAST(SUBSTRING(partition_name FROM 2) AS UNSIGNED) < DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE ;      DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET done = TRUE ;        /*       Create the basics for when we need to drop the partition. Also, create       @drop_partitions to hold a comma-delimited list of all partitions that       should be deleted.      */      SET @ alter_header = CONCAT ("ALTER TABLE ", SCHEMANAME,".", TABLENAME, " DROP PARTITION ");      SET @ drop_partitions = "" ;        /*       Start looping through all the partitions that are too old.      */      OPEN myCursor;      read_loop: LOOP          FETCH myCursor INTO drop_part_name;          IF done THEN              LEAVE read_loop;          END IF;          SET @ drop_partitions = IF (@ drop_partitions = "" ,drop_part_name, CONCAT(@drop_partitions, ",", drop_part_name));      END LOOP;      IF @drop_partitions != "" THEN          /*            1. Build the SQL to drop allthe necessary partitions.            2. Run the SQL to drop thepartitions.            3. Print out the tablepartitions that were deleted.          */          SET @ full_sql = CONCAT (@alter_header, @drop_partitions, ";");          PREPARE STMT FROM @full_sql;          EXECUTE STMT;          DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT;            SELECT CONCAT(SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME) AS `table`,@drop_partitions AS `partitions_deleted`;      ELSE          /*            No partitions are beingdeleted, so print out "N/A" (Not applicable) to indicate            that no changes were made.          */          SELECT CONCAT(SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME) AS `table`,"N/A" AS `partitions_deleted`;      END IF; END$$ DELIMITER ;     DELIMITER $$ CREATE PROCEDURE`partition_maintenance`(SCHEMA_NAME VARCHAR(32), TABLE_NAME VARCHAR(32),KEEP_DATA_DAYS INT, HOURLY_INTERVAL INT, CREATE_NEXT_INTERVALS INT) BEGIN      DECLARE OLDER_THAN_PARTITION_DATE VARCHAR(16);      DECLARE PARTITION_NAME VARCHAR(16);      DECLARE OLD_PARTITION_NAME VARCHAR(16);      DECLARE LESS_THAN_TIMESTAMP INT;      DECLARE CUR_TIME INT;        CALL partition_verify(SCHEMA_NAME,TABLE_NAME, HOURLY_INTERVAL);      SET CUR_TIME = UNIX_TIMESTAMP (DATE_FORMAT(NOW(), '%Y-%m-%d 00:00:00'));        SET @ __interval = 1 ;      create_loop: LOOP          IF @__interval > CREATE_NEXT_INTERVALS THEN              LEAVE create_loop;          END IF;            SET LESS_THAN_TIMESTAMP = CUR_TIME + (HOURLY_INTERVAL * @__interval *3600);          SET PARTITION_NAME = FROM_UNIXTIME(CUR_TIME + HOURLY_INTERVAL *(@__interval - 1) * 3600, 'p%Y%m%d%H00');          IF(PARTITION_NAME != OLD_PARTITION_NAME) THEN              CALLpartition_create(SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME, PARTITION_NAME, LESS_THAN_TIMESTAMP);          END IF;          SET @__interval=@__interval+1;          SET OLD_PARTITION_NAME = PARTITION_NAME;      END LOOP;        SET OLDER_THAN_PARTITION_DATE=DATE_FORMAT(DATE_SUB(NOW(), INTERVALKEEP_DATA_DAYS DAY), '%Y%m%d0000');      CALL partition_drop(SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME, OLDER_THAN_PARTITION_DATE);   END$$ DELIMITER ;   DELIMITER $$ CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_verify`(SCHEMANAMEVARCHAR(64), TABLENAME VARCHAR(64), HOURLYINTERVAL INT(11)) BEGIN      DECLARE PARTITION_NAME VARCHAR(16);      DECLARE RETROWS INT(11);      DECLARE FUTURE_TIMESTAMP TIMESTAMP;        /*      * Check if any partitions exist for the given SCHEMANAME.TABLENAME.      */      SELECT COUNT(1) INTO RETROWS      FROM information_schema.partitions      WHERE table_schema = SCHEMANAME AND table_name = TABLENAME ANDpartition_name IS NULL;        /*      * If partitions do not exist, go ahead and partition the table      */      IFRETROWS = 1 THEN          /*          * Take the current date at 00:00:00 and add HOURLYINTERVAL to it. This is the timestamp below which we willstore values.          * We begin partitioning based on the beginning of a day. This is because we don't want to generate arandom partition          * that won't necessarily fall in line with the desired partition naming(ie: if the hour interval is 24 hours, we could          * end up creating a partition now named "p201403270600" whenall other partitions will be like "p201403280000").          */          SET FUTURE_TIMESTAMP = TIMESTAMPADD(HOUR, HOURLYINTERVAL,CONCAT(CURDATE(), " ", '00:00:00'));          SET PARTITION_NAME = DATE_FORMAT(CURDATE(), 'p%Y%m%d%H00');            -- Create the partitioning query          SET @__PARTITION_SQL = CONCAT("ALTER TABLE ", SCHEMANAME,".", TABLENAME, " PARTITION BY RANGE(`clock`)");          SET @__PARTITION_SQL = CONCAT(@__PARTITION_SQL, "(PARTITION ",PARTITION_NAME, " VALUES LESS THAN (",UNIX_TIMESTAMP(FUTURE_TIMESTAMP), "));");            -- Run the partitioning query          PREPARE STMT FROM @__PARTITION_SQL;          EXECUTE STMT;          DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT;      END IF; END$$ DELIMITER ;   DELIMITER $$ CREATE PROCEDURE`partition_maintenance_all`(SCHEMA_NAME VARCHAR(32)) BEGIN          CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history', 90, 24, 14);          CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_log', 90, 24, 14);          CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_str', 90, 24, 14);          CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_text', 90, 24, 14);          CALLpartition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_uint', 90, 24, 14);          CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'trends', 730, 24, 14);          CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'trends_uint', 730, 24, 14); END$$ DELIMITER ;

上面内容包含了创建分区的存储过程，将上面内容复制到partition.sql中,然后执行如下：

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1	mysql -uzabbix -pzabbix zabbix < partition.sql

b、 添加crontable,每天执行01点01分执行，如下：

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crontab -l > crontab.txt cat >> crontab.txt << EOF #zabbix partition_maintenance 01 01 * * * mysql -uzabbix -pzabbix zabbix -e"CALL partition_maintenance_all('zabbix')" &>/dev/null EOF cat crontab.txt |crontab

注意： mysql的zabbix用户的密码部分按照实际环境配置

c、首先执行一次（由于首次执行的时间较长，请使用nohup执行），如下：

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1	nohup  mysql -uzabbix -pzabbix zabbix -e "CALLpartition_maintenance_all('zabbix')" &> /root/partition.log&

注意：观察/root/partition.log的输出

d、 查看结果

登录mysql,查看history等表, 如下：

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MariaDB [zabbix]> showcreate table history | history | CREATE TABLE `history` (   `itemid` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL,   `clock`int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',   `value`double(16,4) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0.0000',   `ns`int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',   KEY`history_1` (`itemid`,`clock`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 /*!50100 PARTITION BY RANGE (`clock`) (PARTITION p201708280000 VALUES LESS THAN(1503936000) ENGINE = InnoDB,   PARTITION p201708290000 VALUES LESS THAN(1504022400) ENGINE = InnoDB,   PARTITION p201708300000 VALUES LESS THAN(1504108800) ENGINE = InnoDB,   PARTITION p201708310000 VALUES LESS THAN(1504195200) ENGINE = InnoDB,   PARTITION p201709010000 VALUES LESS THAN(1504281600) ENGINE = InnoDB,   PARTITION p201709020000 VALUES LESS THAN(1504368000) ENGINE = InnoDB,   PARTITION p201709030000 VALUES LESS THAN(1504454400) ENGINE = InnoDB,   PARTITION p201709040000 VALUES LESS THAN(1504540800) ENGINE = InnoDB,   PARTITION p201709050000 VALUES LESS THAN(1504627200) ENGINE = InnoDB,   PARTITION p201709060000 VALUES LESS THAN(1504713600) ENGINE = InnoDB,   PARTITION p201709070000 VALUES LESS THAN(1504800000) ENGINE = InnoDB,   PARTITION p201709080000 VALUES LESS THAN(1504886400) ENGINE = InnoDB,   PARTITION p201709090000 VALUES LESS THAN(1504972800) ENGINE = InnoDB,   PARTITION p201709100000 VALUES LESS THAN(1505059200) ENGINE = InnoDB,   PARTITION p201709110000 VALUES LESS THAN(1505145600) ENGINE = InnoDB) */ |

发现了大量PARTITION字段，说明配置正确。注意观察Mysql的Slow Query,一般到执行操作的第二天，Slow Query几乎就会有了，此时Zabbix的Dashboard响应速度应该非常流畅了。