Mysql解决数据库N+1查询问题
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2024-04-05 14:21:53
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简介
在orm框架中,比如hibernate和mybatis都可以设置关联对象,比如user对象关联dept
假如查询出n个user,那么需要做n次查询dept,查询user是一次select,查询user关联的
dept,是n次,所以是n+1问题,其实叫1+n更为合理一些。
mybatis配置
UserMapper.xml
?1 2 3 4 5 6 7 | < resultMap id = "BaseResultMap" type = "testmaven.entity.User" > < id column = "id" jdbcType = "INTEGER" property = "id" /> < result column = "name" jdbcType = "VARCHAR" property = "name" /> < result column = "age" jdbcType = "INTEGER" property = "age" /> < result column = "dept_id" jdbcType = "INTEGER" property = "deptId" /> < association property = "dept" column = "dept_id" fetchType = "eager" select = "testmaven.mapper.DeptMapper.selectByPrimaryKey" ></ association > </ resultMap > |
数据表如下:
department表
|id|name|
user表
|id|name|department_id|
需求是得到以下结构的数据:
?1 2 3 4 5 | [ { "id" :1, "name" : "test" , "department_id" :1, "department" :{ "id" :1, "name" : "测试部门" } } ] |
方法一:循环查询
查询用户列表
循环用户列表查询对应的部门信息
?1 2 3 | $users = $db->query( 'SELECT * FROM `user`' );foreach($users as &$ user ) { $users[ 'department' ] = $db->query( 'SELECT * FROM `department` WHERE `id` = ' .$ user [ 'department_id' ]); } |
该方法查询次数为:1+N(1次查询列表,N次查询部门),性能最低,不可取。
方法二:连表
通过连表查询用户和部门数据
处理返回数据
?1 | $users = $db->query( 'SELECT * FROM `user` INNER JOIN `department` ON `department`.`id` = `user`.`department_id`' );// 手动处理返回结果为需求结构 |
该方法其实也有局限性,如果 user 和 department 不在同一个服务器是不可以连表的。
方法三:1+1查询
该方法先查询1次用户列表
取出列表中的部门ID组成数组
查询步骤2中的部门
合并最终数据
代码大致如下:
?1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 | $users = $db->query( 'SELECT * FROM `user`' ); $departmentIds =[ ];foreach($users as $ user ) { if(!in_array($ user [ 'department_id' ], $departmentIds)) { $departmentIds[] = $ user [ 'department_id' ]; } } $departments = $db->query( 'SELECT * FROM `department` WHERE id in (' . join ( ',' ,$department_id). ')' ); $map = []; // [部门ID => 部门item]foreach($departments as $department) { $map[$department[ 'id' ]] = $department; }foreach($users as $ user ) { $ user [ 'department' ] = $map[$ user [ 'department_id' ]] ?? null ; } |
该方法对两个表没有限制,在目前微服务盛行的情况下是比较好的一种做法。
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