Linux系统之升级内核版本方法
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2024-04-05 15:09:54
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一、检查本地系统环境
1.检查系统版本
[root@jeven ~]# cat /etc/os-release NAME="CentOS Linux" VERSION="7 (Core)" ID_LIKE="rhel fedora" VERSION_ID="7" PRETTY_NAME="CentOS Linux 7 (Core)" ANSI_COLOR="0;31" CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:centos:centos:7" HOME_URL="https://www.centos.org/" BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.centos.org/" CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT="CentOS-7" CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT_VERSION="7" REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="centos" REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION="7"
2.检查系统内核版本
[root@jeven ~]# uname -r 3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64
二、小版本升级内核
1.列出yum仓库的内核包版本
确保yum仓库的正常，本次实践用的是阿里的镜像源。
[root@jeven yum.repos.d]# yum list kernel Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * epel: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn Installed Packages kernel.x86_64 3.10.0-957.el7 @anaconda Available Packages kernel.x86_64 3.10.0-1160.81.1.el7 updates
2.升级内核
直接更新内核版本，此方法适用于更新内核补丁。
[root@jeven yum.repos.d]# yum update -y kernel Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile epel/x86_64/metalink | 8.5 kB 00:00:00 * epel: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00 docker-ce-stable | 3.5 kB 00:00:00 epel | 4.7 kB 00:00:00 extras | 2.9 kB 00:00:00 updates | 2.9 kB 00:00:00 (1/3): epel/x86_64/updateinfo | 1.0 MB 00:00:00 (2/3): epel/x86_64/primary_db | 7.0 MB 00:00:01 (3/3): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 19 MB 00:00:09 Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package kernel.x86_64 0:3.10.0-1160.83.1.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: linux-firmware >= 20190429-72 for package: kernel-3.10.0-1160.83.1.el7.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package linux-firmware.noarch 0:20180911-69.git85c5d90.el7 will be updated ---> Package linux-firmware.noarch 0:20200421-80.git78c0348.el7_9 will be an update --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ====================================================================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size ====================================================================================================================================================================== Installing: kernel x86_64 3.10.0-1160.83.1.el7 updates 52 M Updating for dependencies: linux-firmware noarch 20200421-80.git78c0348.el7_9 updates 80 M Transaction Summary ====================================================================================================================================================================== Install 1 Package Upgrade ( 1 Dependent package) Total download size: 132 M Downloading packages: No Presto metadata available for updates (1/2): kernel-3.10.0-1160.83.1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 52 MB 00:00:31 (2/2): linux-firmware-20200421-80.git78c0348.el7_9.noarch.rpm | 80 MB 00:00:48 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 2.7 MB/s | 132 MB 00:00:48 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Updating : linux-firmware-20200421-80.git78c0348.el7_9.noarch 1/3 Installing : kernel-3.10.0-1160.83.1.el7.x86_64 2/3 Cleanup : linux-firmware-20180911-69.git85c5d90.el7.noarch 3/3 Verifying : kernel-3.10.0-1160.83.1.el7.x86_64 1/3 Verifying : linux-firmware-20200421-80.git78c0348.el7_9.noarch 2/3 Verifying : linux-firmware-20180911-69.git85c5d90.el7.noarch 3/3 Installed: kernel.x86_64 0:3.10.0-1160.83.1.el7 Dependency Updated: linux-firmware.noarch 0:20200421-80.git78c0348.el7_9 Complete!
3.重启并检查内核版本
- 重启服务器
reboot
- 检查内核版本
重启完成，发现内核版本已经升级为【3.10.0-1160.83.1.el7.x86_64】
[root@jeven ~]# uname -r 3.10.0-1160.83.1.el7.x86_64
三、大版本升级内核
1.导入公钥
ELRepo是一个为Linux提供驱动程序和内核映像的存储库，这里的内核大版本升级方案就是采用ELRepo提供的内核通道。
[root@jeven ~]# rpm --import https://www.elrepo.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.org [root@jeven ~]#
2.下载并安装elrepo仓库
ELRepo内核下载地址：https://elrepo.org/linux/kernel/el7/x86_64/RPMS/，如果服务器不能联网，可离线下载。
[root@jeven ~]# yum install https://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-7.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks elrepo-release-7.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm | 8.7 kB 00:00:00 Examining /var/tmp/yum-root-RRC6Uo/elrepo-release-7.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm: elrepo-release-7.0-6.el7.elrepo.noarch Marking /var/tmp/yum-root-RRC6Uo/elrepo-release-7.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm to be installed Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package elrepo-release.noarch 0:7.0-6.el7.elrepo will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ====================================================================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size ====================================================================================================================================================================== Installing: elrepo-release noarch 7.0-6.el7.elrepo /elrepo-release-7.el7.elrepo.noarch 5.0 k Transaction Summary ====================================================================================================================================================================== Install 1 Package Total size: 5.0 k Installed size: 5.0 k Is this ok [y/d/N]: y Downloading packages: Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : elrepo-release-7.0-6.el7.elrepo.noarch 1/1 Verifying : elrepo-release-7.0-6.el7.elrepo.noarch 1/1 Installed: elrepo-release.noarch 0:7.0-6.el7.elrepo Complete!
3.载入elrepo-kernel元数据
[root@jeven ~]# yum --disablerepo=\* --enablerepo=elrepo-kernel repolist Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * elrepo-kernel: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn elrepo-kernel | 3.0 kB 00:00:00 elrepo-kernel/primary_db | 2.1 MB 00:00:00 repo id repo name status elrepo-kernel ELRepo.org Community Enterprise Linux Kernel Repository - el7 34 repolist: 34
4.列出rpm包
列出elrepo-kernel的rpm包
[root@jeven ~]# yum --disablerepo=\* --enablerepo=elrepo-kernel list kernel* Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * elrepo-kernel: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn Installed Packages kernel.x86_64 3.10.0-957.el7 @anaconda kernel.x86_64 3.10.0-1160.83.1.el7 @updates kernel-tools.x86_64 3.10.0-957.el7 @anaconda kernel-tools-libs.x86_64 3.10.0-957.el7 @anaconda Available Packages kernel-lt.x86_64 5.4.230-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-lt-devel.x86_64 5.4.230-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-lt-doc.noarch 5.4.230-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-lt-headers.x86_64 5.4.230-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-lt-tools.x86_64 5.4.230-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-lt-tools-libs.x86_64 5.4.230-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-lt-tools-libs-devel.x86_64 5.4.230-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml.x86_64 6.1.8-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-devel.x86_64 6.1.8-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-doc.noarch 6.1.8-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-headers.x86_64 6.1.8-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-tools.x86_64 6.1.8-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-tools-libs.x86_64 6.1.8-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-tools-libs-devel.x86_64 6.1.8-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kerne
5.安装最新版本kernel
[root@jeven ~]# yum --disablerepo=\* --enablerepo=elrepo-kernel install -y kernel-ml.x86_64 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * elrepo-kernel: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package kernel-ml.x86_64 0:6.1.8-1.el7.elrepo will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ====================================================================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size ====================================================================================================================================================================== Installing: kernel-ml x86_64 6.1.8-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel 60 M Transaction Summary ====================================================================================================================================================================== Install 1 Package Total download size: 60 M Installed size: 284 M Downloading packages: kernel-ml-6.1.8-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm | 60 MB 00:00:02 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : kernel-ml-6.1.8-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 1/1 Verifying : kernel-ml-6.1.8-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 1/1 Installed: kernel-ml.x86_64 0:6.1.8-1.el7.elrepo Complete!
6.查看内核是否载入到grub2
查看系统上的所有可用内核
[root@jeven ~]# awk -F\' '$1=="menuentry " {print i++ " : " $2}' /etc/grub2.cfg
0 : CentOS Linux (6.1.8-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64) 7 (Core)
1 : CentOS Linux (3.10.0-1160.83.1.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core)
2 : CentOS Linux (3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core)
3 : CentOS Linux (0-rescue-626024fee7b34ca3acd67183d6f1ca99) 7 (Core)
7.设置新的内核为grub2的默认版本
- 通过 grub2-set-default命令设置默认启动版本
[root@jeven ~]# grub2-set-default 0 [root@jeven ~]#
- 通过编辑 /etc/default/grub 文件设置默认启动版本
[root@jeven ~]# cat /etc/default/grub GRUB_TIMEOUT=5 GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR="$(sed 's, release .*$,,g' /etc/system-release)" GRUB_DEFAULT=0 GRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU=true GRUB_TERMINAL_OUTPUT="console" GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="crashkernel=auto rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap rhgb quiet" GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"
- 生成 grub 配置文件并重启
[root@jeven ~]# grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg Generating grub configuration file ... Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-6.1.8-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-6.1.8-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.img Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-1160.83.1.el7.x86_64 Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-1160.83.1.el7.x86_64.img Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64 Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64.img Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-0-rescue-626024fee7b34ca3acd67183d6f1ca99 Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-0-rescue-626024fee7b34ca3acd67183d6f1ca99.img done
- 重启
reboot
8.检查重启后的系统内核版本
重启系统后，发现系统内核已经成功升级。
[root@jeven ~]# uname -r 6.1.8-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64
到此这篇关于Linux系统之升级内核版本方法的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关内容请搜索服务器之家以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持服务器之家！
原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/jks212454/article/details/128833232
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