MySQL数据库主从同步实战过程详解
目录
本文实例讲述了MySQL数据库主从同步实战过程。分享给大家供大家参考,具体如下:
接上一篇:MySQL数据库入门之备份数据库
安装环境说明
系统环境:
?1 2 3 4 | [root@~]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS release 6.5 (Final) [root@~]# uname -r 2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64 |
数据库:
由于是模拟环境,主从库在同一台服务器上,服务器IP地址192.168.1.7
- 主库使用3306端口
- 从库使用3307端口
- 数据库数据目录/data
安装MySQL数据库服务
下载软件包
今天我们是用二进制安装包进行布署MySQL数据库服务,其它方式的安装布署方法请参考前面的文章
?1 | [root@~]#wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.51-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz |
创建数据目录、软件安装目录
?1 2 | [root@~]#mkdir /data{3306,3307} -p [root@~]#mkdri /application |
解压软件
?1 2 3 | [root@~]#tar zxf mysql-5.5.51-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz [root@~]#mv mysql-5.5.51-linux2.6-x86_64 /application/mysql-5.5.51 [root@~]#ln -s /application/mysql-5.5.51 /application/mysql |
创建用户
?1 2 | [root@~]#groupadd mysql [root@~]#useradd -g mysql -M mysql |
初始化数据库
?1 2 3 | [root@~]#/application/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/data/3306/data --user=mysql [root@~]#/application/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/data/3307/data --user=mysql |
创建配置文件
?1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 | [root@~]#vi /data/3306/my.cnf [client] port = 3306 socket = /data/3306/mysql.sock [mysql] no -auto-rehash [mysqld] user = mysql port = 3306 socket = /data/3306/mysql.sock basedir = /application/mysql datadir = /data/3306/data open_files_limit = 1024 back_log = 600 max_connections = 800 max_connect_errors = 3000 table_cache = 614 external-locking = FALSE max_allowed_packet =8M sort_buffer_size = 1M join_buffer_size = 1M thread_cache_size = 100 thread_concurrency = 2 query_cache_size = 2M query_cache_limit = 1M query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k thread_stack = 192K tmp_table_size = 2M max_heap_table_size = 2M long_query_time = 1 pid-file = /data/3306/mysql.pid log-bin = /data/3306/mysql-bin #主从同步的关键点,从库上不需要开启 relay-log = /data/3306/relay-bin relay-log-info-file = /data/3306/relay-log.info binlog_cache_size = 1M max_binlog_cache_size = 1M max_binlog_size = 2M expire_logs_days = 7 key_buffer_size = 16M read_buffer_size = 1M read_rnd_buffer_size = 1M bulk_insert_buffer_size = 1M lower_case_table_names = 1 skip- name -resolve slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062 replicate- ignore -db=mysql server-id = 1 #主库从库ID 不可相同 [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 2M [mysqld_safe] log-error=/data/3306/mysql3306.err pid-file=/data/3306/mysqld.pid |
数据库启动脚本:
?1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 | [root@~]#vi /data/3306/mysql #!/bin/sh port=3306 user = "root" pwd= "123456" Path= "/application/mysql/bin" sock= "/data/${port}/mysql.sock" start_mysql() { if [ ! -e "$sock" ]; then printf "Starting MySQL...\n" /bin/sh ${Path}/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/${port}/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null & else printf "MySQL is running...\n" exit fi } stop_mysql() { if [ ! -e "$sock" ]; then printf "MySQL is stopped...\n" exit else printf "Stoping MySQL...\n" ${Path}/mysqladmin -u ${ user } -p${pwd} -S /data/${port}/mysql.sock shutdown fi } restart_mysql() { printf "Restarting MySQL...\n" stop_mysql sleep 2 start_mysql } case $1 in start) start_mysql ;; stop) stop_mysql ;; restart) restart_mysql ;; *) printf "Usage: /data/${port}/mysql {start|stop|restart}\n" esac |
备注:主从库配置文件与启动文件一样,只需修改端口与server-id即可完成配置
授权目录并增加启动文件可执行权限
?1 2 | [root@~]#chown -R mysql.mysql /data [root@~]#find /data - name mysql -exex chmod +x {} \; |
启动数据库
?1 2 | [root@~]#/data/3306/mysql start [root@~]#/data/3307/mysql start |
修改默认数据库密码
?1 2 | [root@~]#mysqladmin -uroot password '123456' -S /data/3306/mysql.sock [root@~]#mysqladmin -uroot password '123456' -S /data/3307/mysql.sock |
测试登陆,可以登陆两个数据库即可完成全部安装过程
配置主库
1)备份主库
?1 | mkdir /backup |
登陆主库创建用步同户并授权
?1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 | [root@~]#mysql -uroot -p123456 -S /data/3306/mysql.sock mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to rep@ '192.168.1.%' identified by '123456' ; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> flush privileges ; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) |
执行锁表操作
?1 | [root@~]#/application/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p123456 -S /data/3306/mysql.sock -e "flush table with read lock;" |
备份主库
?1 2 3 | [root@~]#/application/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p123456 -S /data/3306/mysql.sock -e "show master status;" >/backup/mysql.log [root@~]#/application/mysql/bin/mysqldump -uroot -p123456 -S /data/3306/mysql.sock -A -B |gzip >/backup/mysql.sql.gz |
解除锁表状态
?1 | [root@~]#/application/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p123456 -S /data/3306/mysql.sock -e "unlock tables;" |
备注:以上操作也可以登陆主库进行,但是需要注意的是,执行锁表操作后,需要另开启一个窗口进行数据备份,不可直接退出,防止有数据写入导致备份的数据不完整。最好是使用非交互式操作。
配置从库实现主从同步
将主库的备份文件解压并恢复数据库
?1 2 3 | [root@backup ]#gzip -d mysql.sql.gz [root@backup ]#/application/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p123456 -S /data/3307/mysql.sock < mysql.sql |
查看LOG日志
?1 2 3 4 5 6 | [root@backup ]#cat mysql.log + ------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | + ------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | mysql-bin.000002 | 424 | | | + ------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ |
登陆从库执行下面的操作
?1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 | mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO -> MASTER_HOST= '192.168.1.7' , #服务器IP -> MASTER_PORT=3306, #主库端口 -> MASTER_USER= 'rep' , #同步的用户 -> MASTER_PASSWORD= '123456' , #同步的用户密码 -> MASTER_LOG_FILE= ' mysql-bin.000002' , #binlog文件 -> MASTER_LOG_POS=424; #位置点 mysql> start slave; #开启同步 |
等待60S后查看同步状态
?1 2 3 4 | [root@backup ]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G" |egrep "Seconds_Behind_Master|_Running" Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 |
只要出现上述情况说明主从同步成功
测试主从同步
主库创建一个数据库
?1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 | [root@backup ~]# mysql -S /data/3306/mysql.sock -e "create database tongbuku" [root@backup ~]# mysql -S /data/3306/mysql.sock -e "show databases" + -----------------------------+ | Database | + -----------------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | | tongbuku | + -----------------------------+ |
查看从库同步情况
?1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 | [root@backup ~]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show databases" + -----------------------------+ | Database | + -----------------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | | tongbuku | + -----------------------------+ |
表明主从同步状态正常,也可以在主库新的数据表中创建表,再插入新的数据来测试主从同步状态
希望本文所述对大家MySQL数据库计有所帮助。
原文链接:https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000020676081
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